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FORT SUMTER 
MEMORIAL 




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FORT SUMTER 
MEMORIAL 



The FALL of FORT SUMTER 

A CONTEMPORARY SKETCH 
FROM 

HEROES AND MARTYRS 

EDITED BY 

FRANK MOORE 



REPLACING THE FLAG UPON 
SUMTER 

FROM THE NARRATIVE OF AN EYE WITNESS 
ADAPTED BY 

DR. F. MILTON WILLIS 



GENERAL ROBERT ANDERSON 

BY 

COL. EDWARD S. CORNELL S 



New York 

EDWIN C. HILL 
1915 



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LAWTON EDITION 

Limited to seven hundred and fifty copies 



Copyright, 1915 

h 

Edwin C. Hill.- 



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FOREWORD 



FORT SUMTER having played so conspicuous 
and fateful a part in that period of national 
fermentation termed the War of the Rebel- 
lion, which has resulted in a unified country of similar 
ideas and common purposes inspired with the Spirit 
of Progress, it seems only fitting and proper that the 
fiftieth anniversary of the day when the national 
flag was replaced upon the glorious ruins of that 
fortress, by order of President Lincoln and in the 
presence of many who had participated there in the 
birth of the War, be memorialized in the com- 
paratively imperishable form of a book; and fitting 
too, it seems, that the hero of the day, General 
Robert Anderson, whose acts in those significant 
days of April four years before the restoration of 
the national banner and throughout the strife, and 
whose whole life, indeed, be brought more promi- 
nently forward into the consciousness and gratitude 
of our country and become an inspiration to her 
youth. 

This the warrant for this little volume: may it 
serve as one more record of unswerving loyalty and 
gallant achievement in the life of the American 
Nation. 



CONTENTS 



Major Anderson, Poem 15 

The Fall of Fort Sumter ) 

| 17 

Heroes and Martyrs ) 

General Anderson, Poem 31 

Replacing the Flag Upon Sumter 33 

General Robert Anderson 49 

Richard Clough Anderson 59 

Duncan Lamont Clinch 65 



LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 



Robert Anderson, from a photograph Frontispiece 
Robert Anderson, from a painting by "Conant" 16 
Robert Anderson, from a painting by "Conant" 25 
Replacing Flag on Sumter, from original draw- 
ing • . - 32 

The Prayer, from an old print 37 

Robert Anderson, from a painting in City Hall 

by "Powell" 48 

Richard C. Anderson, from a painting in the 

possession of Hon. Larz Anderson . . 58 
Duncan Lamont Clinch, from a painting in 

Statehouse at Atlanta, Georgia ... 64 



XI 



THE FALL OF FORT SUMTER 



HEROES AND MARTYRS 



MAJOR ANDERSON 

February, 1861 
By J. H. ELLIOT 

Upheld and nerved by God's unswerving arm, 
Fearless and brave, lion-hearted in the right, 
An armed host in thine own single might, 

In storm and tempest, dauntless still and calm; 
Honored by men, by loyal women loved, 

The pride and boast of all thy countrymen. 
The Cynosure of all eyes, still unmoved, 

Th' inspiring genius of the Poet's pen; 

While threatening clouds hang darkly o'er thy head, 

Thy strong right arm is the whole nation's hand; 

We trust in thee, thee and thy gallant band; 

"They saved their country's honor!" shall be read 

On History's future page. Thy noble arduous duty 
done, 

America shall know no prouder name than 
ANDERSON. 




'' 



THE FALL OF FORT SUMTER 



HEROES AND MARTYRS 

IN the history of the Southern conspiracy, 
General Robert Anderson must hold a dis- 
tinguished place, being the first federal officer 
against whom the fatal thought of rebellion 
took voice in the throat of a cannon; and though 
his shattered health has constrained him to play 
no further part in the tragedy which he opened 
with such brilliancy, his loyalty to "Old Glory," 
his wise courage and Christian firmness, in that hour 
of peril, will ever keep his name honored and revered 
among the American people. 

General Anderson came from a patriotic and mili- 
tary family. His father, Captain Richard C. 
Anderson, was the man whose little band surprised 
an outpost of the Hessians at Trenton, on the night 
prior to the decisive battle of that place — an attack 
which the Hessian commander, Colonel Rahl, then 
on the lookout for Washington, construed to be the 
whole assault against which he had been warned. 
General Washington met Anderson retreating with 
his Company, and was very indignant at what they 
had done, fearing it would prepare the enemy for 
their advance in force. The result, however, proved 
the contrary, and Anderson was then complimented 
on the exploit. Captain Anderson served with 
Washington throughout the New Jersey campaign. 

The subject of this sketch is a native of the State 
of Kentucky. The blood of a brave soldier ran in his 
veins, and displayed itself in his early desire to adopt 

17 



FORT SUMTER MEMORIAL 

the profession of arms. Passing over young Ander- 
son's preliminary studies and scholastic successes, 
we find him, in 1832, acting Inspector General of 
Illinois Volunteers in the Black Hawk War. He 
filled this situation with credit to himself, from 
May until the ensuing October. In the following 
June, 1833, he was made First Lieutenant. From 
1835 to 1837 he occupied the responsible post of 
Assistant Instructor and Inspector at the United 
States Military Academy. He was assigned to the 
staff of General Winfield Scott as Aide-de-camp in 
1838; and in 1839 published his "Instructions for 
Field Artillery, Horse and Foot, arranged for the 
Service of the United States" — a hand-book of great 
practical value. 

Lieutenant Anderson's service during the Indian 
troubles were acknowledged by a brevet captaincy, 
April 2, 1838. In July of the same year, he was 
made Assistant Adjutant General with the rank of 
Captain, which he subsequently relinquished on 
being promoted to a captaincy in his own regiment, 
the Third Artillery. 

In March, 1847, he was with his Regiment in the 
Army of General Scott, and took part in the siege 
of Vera Cruz; being one of the officers to whom was 
intrusted, by Colonel Bankhead, the command of the 
batteries. This duty he accomplished with signal 
skill and gallantry. He remained with the Army 
until its triumphant entry into the Mexican Capital 
the following September. 

18 



FORT SUMTER MEMORIAL 

During the operations in the valley of Mexico, 
Captain Anderson was attached to the brigade of 
General Garland which formed a portion of General 
Worth's Division. In the attack on El Molino 
del Rev, September 8, Anderson was severely 
wounded. His admirable conduct under the circum- 
stances was the theme of praise on the part of his 
men and superior officers. Captain Burke, his 
immediate commander, in his dispatch of September 
9, says: "Captain Robert Anderson (acting field 
officer) behaved with great heroism on this occasion. 
Even after receiving a severe and painful wound, 
he continued at the head of the column, regardless 
of pain and self-preservation, and setting a hand- 
some example to his men of coolness, energy and 
courage." General Garland speaks of him as being 
"with some few others the very first to enter the 
strong position of El Molino;" and adds that "Brevet 
Major Buchanan, Fourth Infantry, Captain Robert 
Anderson, Third Artillery and Lieutenant Sedgwick, 
Second Artillery, appear to have been particularly 
distinguished for their gallant defense of the captured 
works." In addition to this testimony, General 
Worth directed the attention of the Secretary of 
War to the part he had taken in the action. He was 
made Brevet Major, his commission dating from the 
day of the battle. 

In the year 1851, he was promoted to the full 
rank of Major in the First Artillery. It was while 
holding this rank and in command of the Garrison 

19 



FORT SUMTER MEMORIAL 

of Fort Moultrie, that the storm which has so 
devastated this fair land first gathered strength 
and broke upon us. 

On the 20th day of December, 1860, the State of 
South Carolina declared itself out of the Union. 
The event was celebrated in numerous Southern 
towns and cities by the firing of salutes, military 
parades, and secession speeches. At New Orleans 
a bust of Calhoun was exhibited, decorated with a 
cockade; and at Memphis the citizens burned Senator 
Andrew Johnson in effigy. The plague of disloyalty 
overspread the entire South. In the meantime, while 
the commissioners from South Carolina and the 
plotting members of Congress from the border states 
were complicating matters with a timid and vacillat- 
ing President, Major Anderson found himself with 
less than one hundred men, shut up in an untenable 
fort, his own government fearing to send him re- 
inforcements. Cut off from aid or supplies, menaced 
on every side, the deep murmurs of war growing 
louder and more threatening, the position of Major 
Anderson and his handful of men became imminent 
in the extreme. At this juncture of affairs, the brave 
soldier gave us an illustration of his forethought 
and sagacity. 

One sunny morning crowds of anxious people 
fringed the wharves of Charleston, watching the 
mysterious curls of smoke that rose lazily from the 
ramparts of Fort Moultrie, and floated off seaward — 
smoke from the burning gun-carriages. 

20 



FORT SUMTER MEMORIAL 

On the night previous, Major Anderson had 
quietly removed his men and stores to Fort Sumter, 
the strongest of the Charleston fortifications, and 
the key of its defenses. The deserted guns of 
Moultrie were spiked and the carriages burned to 
cinders. The evacuation of the fort commenced a 
little after sunset. The men were ordered to hold 
themselves in readiness, with their knapsacks packed, 
at a second's notice; but up to the moment of their 
leaving they had no idea of abandoning the post. 
They were reviewed on parade, and then ordered to 
two schooners lying in the vicinity. The Garrison 
Flag unwound itself to the morning over Sumter. 
The rage of the South at this unexpected strategic- 
manoeuvre, was equalled in its intenseness only by 
the thrill of joy which ran through the North. 
Major Anderson and his command were safe, for 
the time being, and treason disconcerted. "Major 
Robert Anderson" says the Charleston Courier, 
bitterly, "has achieved the unenviable distinction 
of opening civil war between American citizens by 
an act of gross breach of faith." The sequel proved 
his prudence. Having all the forts of the Harbor 
under his charge, he had, necessarily, the right to 
occupy whatever post he deemed expedient. He did 
his duty, and he did it well. His course was sustained 
in the House of Representatives, January 7, 1861. 
Before the first burst of indignation had subsided, 
Fort Moultrie was taken possession of by the South 
Carolinians, and carefully put into a state of defense. 

21 



FORT SUMTER MEMORIAL 

The rebel convention ordered immense fortifications 
to be built in and about Charleston Harbor, to 
resist any reinforcements that might be sent to 
Major Anderson. Strong redoubts were thrown up 
on Morns' and James Islands, and Fort Moultrie, 
Johnson and Castle Pinckney, stood ready to belch 
flame and iron on the devoted little garrison. Sumter 
was invested; no ship could approach the place in 
the teeth of those sullen batteries. 

On the 8th of April, information having been 
given by the United States Government to the 
authorities of Charleston, that they desired to send 
supplies to Fort Sumter on an unarmed transport, 
they were informed that the vessel would be fired 
upon and not allowed to enter the port. The United 
States Government then officially advised the in- 
surgents that supplies would be sent to Major An- 
derson, peaceably if possible, otherwise by force. 
Lieutenant Talbot, attached to the Garrison at Fort 
Sumter, and bearer of this dispatch, was not per- 
mitted to proceed to his post. The Steamer Star of 
the West was signalled at the entrance of the harbor 
on the morning of the 9th. She displayed the United 
States Flag, but was fired into repeatedly from 
Morris' Island battery. Her course was then 
altered, and she again put out to sea. 

The formidable floating battery, constructed and 
manned at Charleston, was taken out of dock on 
the evening of the 10th and anchored in a cove near 
Sullivan's Island. About seven thousand troops 

22 



FOR T S U M TER MEMORIAL 

now crowded the earthworks and forts under com- 
mand of General G. T. Beauregard. The report 
that a fleet lay off the bay, waiting for a favorable 
tide to enter the harbor and relieve the fort, caused 
the greatest excitement in Charleston. 

On the afternoon of April 11, Colonel Chestnut 
and Major Lee, aids to General Beauregard, conveyed 
to Fort Sumter the demand that Major Anderson 
should evacuate that fort. Major Anderson refused 
to accede to the demand. On being waited on by a 
second deputation (April 2, 1 a. m.) desiring him to 
state what time he would evacuate, and to stipulate 
not to fire upon the batteries in the meantime, 
Major Anderson replied that he would evacuate at 
the noon of the 15th if not previously otherwise 
ordered, or not supplied, and that he would not in 
the meantime open his fire unless compelled by some 
hostile act against his fort or the Flag of his Govern- 
ment. At 3.30 a. m. the officers who received this 
answer notified Major Anderson that the batteries 
under command of General Beauregard would open 
on Fort Sumter in one hour, and immediately left. 
The sentinels on Sumter were then ordered in from 
the parapets, the posterns closed, and the men 
directed not to leave the bomb-proofs until sum- 
moned by the drum. The Garrison had but two 
days' rations. 

At 4.30 Friday morning, fire was opened upon 
Fort Sumter from Fort Moultrie, and soon after 
from the batteries on Mount Pleasant and Cum- 

23 



FORT SUMTER MEMORIAL 

mings' Point, then from an unsuspected masked 
battery of heavy columbiads on Sullivan's Island. 
It soon became evident that no part of the beleagured 
fort was without the range of the enemy's guns. A 
rim of scarlet fire encircled it. Meanwhile the 
undaunted little band of seventy true men, took 
breakfast quietly at the regular hour, reserving their 
fire until 7 a. m., when they opened their lower tier 
of guns upon Fort Moultrie; the iron battery on 
Cumming's Point, the two works on Sullivan's 
Island and the floating battery, simultaneously. 
When the first relief went to work, the enthusiasm 
of the men was so great that the second and third 
reliefs could not be kept from the guns. The rebel 
iron battery was of immense strength, and our balls 
glanced from it like hail-stones. Fort Moultrie, 
however, stood the cannonading badly, a great many 
of our shells taking effect in the embrasures. Shells 
from every part burst against the various walls of 
Sumter, and the fire upon the parapet became so 
terrific that Major Anderson refused to allow the 
men to work the barbette guns. There were no 
cartridge bags, and the men were set to making 
them out of shirts. Fire broke out in the barracks 
three times and was extinguished. Meals were 
served at the guns. At 6 p. m. the fire from Sumter 
ceased. Fire was kept up by the enemy during the 
night, at intervals of twenty-five minutes. 

At daybreak the following morning the bombard- 
ment recommenced. Fort Sumter resumed oper- 

24 



FORT SUMTER MEMORIAL 

ations at 7 a. m. An hour afterward the officers' 
quarters took fire from a shell, and it was necessary 
to detach nearly all the men from the guns to stop 
the conflagration. Shells from Moultrie and Morris' 
Island now fell faster than ever. The effect of the 
enemy's shot, on the officers' quarters in particular, 
was terrible. One tower was so completely de- 
molished that not one brick was left standing upon 
another. The main gates were blown away, and the 
walls considerably weakened. Fearful that they 
might crack, and a shell pierce the magazine, ninety- 
six barrels of powder were emptied into the sea; 
finally the magazine had to be closed; the material 
for cartridges was exhausted, and the garrison was 
left destitute of any means to continue the contest. 
The men had eaten the last biscuit thirty-six hours 
before. They were nearly stifled by the dense, livid 
smoke from the burning building, lying prostrate 
on the ground with wet handkerchiefs over their 
mouths and eyes. The crashing of the shot, the 
bursting of the shells, the falling of the masonry, 
and the mad roaring of the flames, made a pande- 
monium of the place. Strangely enough but four 
men had been injured, thus far, and those only 
slightly. 

Toward the close of the day, ex-Senator Wigfall 
suddenly made his appearance at an embrasure with 
a white handkerchief on the point of a sword and 
begged to see Major Anderson, asserting that he 
came from General Beauregard. "Well sir!" said 

25 



FORT SUMTER MEMORIAL 

Major Anderson, confronting him. General Wigfall, 
in an excited manner then demanded to know on 
what terms Major Anderson would evacuate the 
post. The Major informed him that General Beau- 
regard was already advised of the terms. "Then, 
sir," said Wigfall, "the Fort is ours." "On those 
conditions," replied Major Anderson. During this 
interview the firing from Moultrie and Sullivan's 
Island had not ceased, though General Wigfall 
timidly displayed a white flag at an embrasure facing 
the batteries. Wigfall retired. 

A short time afterward a deputation consisting 
of Senator Chestnut, Roger A. Pryor, and two 
others, came from General Beauregard, and had an 
interview with Major Anderson. It then turned out 
that the officious Wigfall had "acted on his own 
hook," without any authority whatever from his 
commanding General. After a protracted consul- 
tation and a second deputation, Major Anderson 
agreed to evacuate Fort Sumter the next day. This 
was Saturday evening. That night the garrison 
took what rest it could. Next morning the Isabel 
anchored near the fort to receive the gallant little 
band. The terms of evacuation were that the gar- 
rison should take of its individual and company 
property; that they should march out with their 
side and other arms with all the honors, in their own 
way, and at their own time; that they should salute 
their Flag and take it with them. 

With their tattered flag flying and the band play- 

26 



FORT S U M T E R M E M O R I A L 

ing national airs, these seventy heroes marched out 
of Fort Sumter. Seventy to seven thousand! 

Major Anderson's heroic conduct had drawn all 
loyal hearts toward him, and it was the wish of the 
Country that he should immediately be invested 
with some important command. He was made a 
Brigadier General and sent to Kentucky to super- 
intend the raising of troops in that State. But the 
terrible ordeal through which he had just passed and 
the results of hardships undergone in Mexico, 
unfitted him for active duty. Since then, General 
Anderson has resided in New York City. A tall, 
elderly gentleman in undress uniform, leading a 
little child by the hand, is often seen passing slowly 
along Broadway. His fine, intellectual face is the 
index to the genuine goodness and nobility of his 
heart. Though men of noisier name meet you at 
each corner, your eyes follow pleasantly after this 
one — Robert Anderson. 



27 



REPLACING THE FLAG UPON 
SUMTER 



FROM THE NARRATIVE OF 
WILLIAM A. SPICER 



GENERAL ANDERSON 

April, 1865 
By J . H . ELLIOT 

Once more the cynosure of every eye, 

Thou standest upon Sumter's battered walls; 
Lo! Now no iron hail around thee falls, 

No lurid lightnings flash across the sky, 

As proudly thou once more unfurlest there 
That glorious emblem of our nation's life, 

Which has been cherished with religious care 
Through four sad years of blood and tears and 
strife, 

Even for this sublime, triumphant end; 

That thou who bravely foughtst its folds beneath, 
Defying traitors, shrinking not from death, 

Shouldst thus upraise the flag thou didst defend, 
And 'neath its stars and stripes exultant stand, 
Knowing it floats over a redeemed land. 



31 







k 



h 






REPLACING THE FLAG UPON 
SUMTER 



ON the 20th of December, 1860, the ordinance 
of secession was passed by the State of 
South Carolina. Immediately the State 
set about taking over the national property within 
its borders, particularly the forts in Charleston 
harbor. Major Robert Anderson, a Southern officer 
loyal to the Government and commanding a small 
garrison in Fort Moultrie, hastily, on the night of the 
26th of December, removed to Fort Sumter, a much 
stronger but unfinished fortress in the middle of the 
harbor, hoping to maintain his position there until 
reinforced. Before aid could be received from 
President Lincoln, who had informed Governor 
Pickens of his intention, a formal demand for the 
surrender of the fort was made by General Beau- 
regard, commanding the Southern forces. This 
being promptly refused by Major Anderson, an order 
to reduce the fort was given by the Confederate 
Government. 

On the morning of Friday, the 12th of April, 1861, 
at half-past four, the first shot was fired upon 
Sumter. The War of the Rebellion was begun. For 
two days the assault continued. Then, after a most 
gallant defense by the little garrison of seventy men, 
Major Anderson was compelled to accept terms of 
evacuation. On Sunday afternoon, April 14th, he 

33 



FOR T S U M TER MEMORIAL 

marched from the fort with colors flying and drums 
beating, and saluting with fifty guns the flag of his 
country, as it was lowered. 

Governor Pickens, at the time, addressing the 
populace declared boastfully: 

"We have defeated their twenty millions. We 
have humbled the flag of the United States before the 
Palmetto and Confederate, and so long as I have 
the honor to preside as your chief magistrate, so 
help me God, there is no power on this earth shall 
ever lower from that fortress those flags, unless they 
be lowered and trailed in a sea of blood. I can here 
say to you it is the first time in the history of this 
country that the stars and stripes have been humbled. 
That flag has never before been lowered before any 
nation on this earth. But today it has been humbled 
and humbled before the glorious little State of South 
Carolina." 

Little did the Governor realize the import of the 
humbling of his country's banner. Little did he 
foresee the march of events from that fateful incident. 
Little did he reckon on the indignation and solemn 
consecration of the twenty millions whom his state 
had "defeated." Little did he conceive in that hour 
of exultation that there had been ushered in the most 
pitiless storm of civil strife it is probable the world 
had ever beheld, and that four years hence, at the 
state convention at Columbia assembled under the 
direction of the President of the Linked States, he 
was to arise amid the ashes of that once beautiful 

34 



FORT SU M T E R M E M Q R I A L 

capital and by resolution of the delegates of the 
people of his state ordain "implicit obedience to the 
Constitution of the United States and all laws made 
in pursuance thereof," and renew his personal oath 
of allegiance to the Government his clouded insight 
had led him to forswear. 

Within two months of the completion of four 
years of fratricide, namely, on the 18th of February, 
1865, Union troops occupied the proud city of 
Charleston, the cradle of the Rebellion. This the 
beginning of the end. The President, realizing that 
the fall of the Confederacy was near at hand, deter- 
mined to celebrate the fourth anniversary of the 
evacuation of Fort Sumter by replanting the old 
flag of 1861, with imposing ceremonies, upon the 
ruins of the fortress, and accordingly the following 
order was issued: 

General Orders No. 50, 

War Department, Adjutant-General's Office, 
Washington, March 27, 1865. 

Ordered: First, That at the hour of noon, on the 
14th day of April, 1865, Brevet Major-General An- 
derson will raise and plant upon the ruins of Fort 
Sumter, in Charleston harbor, the same United States 
flag which floated over the battlements of that fori 
during the rebel assault, and which was lowered and 
saluted by him, and the small force of his command, 
when the works were evacuated on the 14th of April, 
1861. 

35 



FORT SUMTER MEMORIAL 

Second, That the flag, when raised, be saluted by 
one hundred guns from Fort Sumter, and by a 
national salute from every fort and rebel battery 
that fired upon Fort Sumter. 

Third, That suitable ceremonies be had upon the 
occasion, under the direction of Major-General 
William T. Sherman, whose military operations com- 
pelled the rebels to evacuate Charleston, or, in his 
absence, under the charge of Major-General Q. A. 
Gilmore, commanding the Department. Among the 
ceremonies will be the delivery of an address by 
the Rev. Henry Ward Beecher. 

Fourth, That the naval forces at Charleston, 
and their commander on that station, be invited 
to participate in the ceremonies of the occasion. 

Official. 

By order of the President of the United States. 

Edwin M. Stanton, Secretary of War. 

E. D. Townsend, Assistant Adjutant-General. 

In the midst of the preparations for this celebration 
came the news of the capture of Richmond and 
Petersburg, the surrender of Lee and the death of 
the Rebellion. Mighty was the enthusiasm created 
by this news in the already deeply stirred audience 
of five thousand soldiers, sailors and citizens who had 
assembled in the battered and shapeless fortress 
lying like some monster of the deep in the center 



36 



FORT SUMTER MEMORIAL 

of the harbor; mighty indeed, for the goal they had 
come to anticipate had been won. 

The formal exercises of the day were opened with 
prayer by the Rev. Matthias Harris, chaplain of the 
United States Army, a venerable man, who had 
delivered the prayer at the raising of the flag on 
Fort Sumter in December, 1860, when Major 
Anderson had removed his command from Fort 
Moultrie. The Rev. R. S. Storrs, D.D., of Brooklyn, 
New York, then read with the audience, alternately, 
the one hundred and twenty-sixth, forty-seventh, 
and ninety-eighth Psalms, and a part of the 
twentieth. 

Major Anderson's dispatch to the Government, 
April 18th, 1861, on steamship "Baltic," off Sandy- 
Hook, announcing the fall of Sumter, was then read 
by Brigadier-General E. D. Townsend, Assistant 
Adjutant-General, United States Army. 

Then came the supreme event of the day, the 
"raising and planting upon the ruins of Fort Sumter 
of the same United States flag which floated over the 
battlements of that fort during the rebel assault," 
by Brevet Major-General Robert Anderson. 

Sergeant Hart, who had replaced the flag after 
it had been shot away in the first assault, stepped 
forward with the Fort Sumter mail-bag in his hand. 
As he quietly drew forth from its long seclusion 
the same old flag of '61, the wildest of shouts went up. 
The old symbol of union was quickly attached to 
the halyards by three sailors from the fleet who were 

37 



FORT SUMTER MEMORIAL 

in the first fight, and crowned with a wreath of 
evergreen set with clusters of rosebuds and orange 
blossoms. 

None who were present can ever forget the emo- 
tions of that memorable hour, or the deep and silent 
expectation of the great assemblage there amid the 
grim vestiges of war softened by floral decorations 
and by the graceful canopy near the flag-staff, 
draped with the American flag and handsomely 
trimmed with evergreen and myrtle, as General 
Robert Anderson, the hero of the day, stepped 
forward and with uncovered head and voice trembling 
with emotion, said: 

"I am here, my friends, my fellow-citizens and 
fellow-soldiers, to perform an act of duty to my 
country dear to my heart, and which all of you will 
appreciate and feel. Had I observed the wishes of 
my heart it should have been done in silence; but 
in accordance with the request of the Honorable 
Secretary of War, I make a few remarks, as by his 
order, after four long, long years of war, I restore 
to its proper place this dear flag, which floated here 
during peace before the first act of this cruel re- 
bellion. (Taking the halyards in his hands, he said:) 
I thank God that I have lived to see this day, and 
to be here, to perform this, perhaps the last act of 
my life, of duty to my country My heart is filled 
with gratitude to that God who has so signally 
blessed us, who has given us blessings beyond 
measure. May all the nations bless and praise the 

38 



FORT S U iM TER MEMORIAL 

name of the Lord, and all the world proclaim, 
'Glory to God in the highest, and on earth peace, 
good-will toward men." " 

"Amen! Amen!" the multitude responded. Then 
the old veteran grasped the halyards with firm and 
steady hand and drew aloft the starry banner; and 
as, all tattered by shot and shell, it rose above the 
battlements into its native air, a loud and prolonged 
shout, from fort and fleet, greeted it. The whole 
audience sprang to their feet Bands began to play 
their most inspiring music. Men swung their hats 
and grasped each other by the hand; women and 
children waved their handkerchiefs, and many wept 
for joy. As it rested at length in its old place at the 
top of the staff, and waved its victorious folds toward 
the recovered city which had first disowned it, the 
enthusiasm became tumultuous and overpowering, 
till at last it found relief in the national song: 

"The star spangled banner, O long may it wave, 
O'er the land of the free, and the home of the brave!" 

Never can the impression of that glorious spectacle 
or of the song of victory that went up from five 
thousand voices be effaced from the memories of 
those who were present. 

Immediately followed the grand artillery salute 
to the flag. First, the heavy guns of Sumter thun- 
dered forth their hearty greeting. Then in quick 
response came the answering notes from Fort 
Moultrie and Morris' Island, followed by a national 

39 



FORT SUMTER MEMORIAL 

salute from every fort and rebel battery that had 
fired upon the flag four years before. 

Finally the fleet, with the little monitors, joined 
in, till the earth trembled with the cannonade, the 
air grew heavy with smoke, and nothing was visible 
but the rapid flashes of the guns. At length, the 
roar ceased, the dense smoke drifted away, and 
order was restored. The orator of the day, Rev. 
Henry Ward Beecher, thereupon began his address 
of which the opening and closing sentences were as 
follows : 

"On this solemn and joyful day, we again lift 
to the breeze our fathers' flag, now, again, the banner 
of the United States, with the fervent prayer that God 
would crown it with honor, protect it from treason, 
and send it down to our children, with all the blessings 
of civilization, liberty and religion. Terrible in 
battle, may it be beneficent in peace. Happily, 
no bird or beast of prey has been inscribed upon it. 
The stars that redeem the night from darkness, 
and the beams of red light that beautify the morn- 
ing, have been united upon its folds. As long 
as the sun endures, or the stars, may it wave 
over a nation neither enslaved nor enslaving. 
(Great applause). 

"Once, and but once, has treason dishonored it. 
In that insane hour, when the guiltiest and bloodiest 
rebellion of time hurled its fires upon this fort, you, 
sir, (turning to General Anderson) and a small, 
heroic band, stood within these now crumbled walls, 

40 



FORT SUMTER MEMORIAL 

and did gallant and just battle for the honor and 

defense of the nation's banner. (Applause). 

******* 

"Today you are returned again. We devoutly 
join with you in thanksgiving to Almighty God, that 
he has spared your honored life, and vouchsafed 
you the honors of this day. The heavens over you 
are the same; the same shores; morning comes, and 
evening, as they did. All else, how changed! What 
grim batteries crowd the burdened shores! What 
scenes have filled this air, and disturbed these waters! 
These shattered heaps of shapeless stone are all that 
is left of Fort Sumter. Desolation broods in yonder 
sad city— solemn retribution hath avenged our dis- 
honored banner! You have come back with honor, 
who departed hence, four years ago, leaving the air 
sultry with fanaticism. The surging crowds that 
rolled up their frenzied shouts, as the flag came down, 
are dead, or scattered, or silent; and their habitations 
are desolate. Ruin sits in the cradle of treason. 
Rebellion has perished. But there flies the same flag 
that was insulted. (Great and prolonged applause). 
With starry eyes it looks all over this bay for that 
banner that supplanted it, and sees it not. (Ap- 
plause). You, that then, for the day, were humbled, 
are here again, to triumph once and forever. (Ap- 
plause). In the storm of that assault this glorious 
ensign was often struck; but, memorable fact, not 
one of its stars was torn out by shot or shell. (Ap- 
plause). It was a prophecy. It said, 'Not one State 

41 



FORT SUMTER MEMORIAL 

shall be struck from this nation by treason!' The 
fulfilment is at hand. Lifted to the air, today, it 
proclaims, after four years of war, 'Not a State is 
blotted out!' (Applause.) Hail to the flag of our 
fathers, and our flag! Glory to the banner that has 
gone through four years, black with tempests of war, 
to pilot the nation back to peace without dismem- 
berment! And glory be to God, who, above all hosts 
and banners, hath ordained victory, and shall 
ordain peace. (Applause). 

"Our nation, under one government, without 
slavery, has been ordained, and shall stand. There 
can be peace on no other basis. Reverently, piously, 
in hopeful patriotism, we spread this banner on the 
sky, as of old the bow was planted on the cloud; and, 
with solemn fervor, beseech God to look upon it, 
and make it the memorial of an everlasting covenant 
and decree, that never again on this fair land shall a 

deluge of blood prevail. (Applause). 

******* 

"From this pulpit of broken stone we speak forth 
our earnest greeting to all our land. 

"We offer to the President of these United States 
our solemn congratulations that God has sustained 
his life and health under the unparalleled burdens 
and sufferings of four bloody years, and permitted 
him to behold this auspicious consummation of that 
national unity for which he has waited with so much 
patience and fortitude, and for which he has labored 
with such disinterested wisdom. (Applause). 

42 



FORT SUMTER MEMORIAL 

"To the members of the government associated 
with him in the administration of perilous affairs 
in critical times; to the Senators and Representatives 
of the United States, who have eagerly fashioned 
the instruments by which the popular will might 
express and enforce itself, we tender our grateful 
thanks. (Applause). 

"To the officers and men of the Army and Navy, 
who have so faithfully, skillfully, and gloriously 
upheld their country's authority, by suffering, labor, 
and sublime courage, we offer here a tribute beyond 
the compass of words. (Great applause). 

"Upon these true and faithful citizens, men and 
women, who have borne up with unflinching hope 
in the darkest hour, and covered the land with 
the labors of love and charity, we invoke the divinest 
blessing of Him Whom they have so truly imitated. 
(Applause.) 

"But, chiefly, to Thee, God of our fathers, we 
render thanksgiving and praise for that wondrous 
Providence that has brought forth from such a 
harvest of war, the seed of so much liberty and 
peace. We invoke peace upon the North. Peace be 
to the West. Peace be upon the South. 

"In the name of God we lift up our banner, and 
dedicate it to Peace, Union and Liberty, now and 
forever." (Great applause.) 

At the conclusion of the address, the audience 
arose and sang the doxology. An impressive prayer 
followed, with the benediction, by the Rev. Dr. 

43 



FOR T SUMTER MEMORIAL 

Storrs, Jr. Six deafening cheers were then given for 
the old flag replaced upon Sumter; and three times 
three for President Lincoln, General Robert An- 
derson, and the soldiers and sailors. And so the 
exercises at the fortress ended. 

It was fully six o'clock when all had returned to 
devastated Charleston. At sunset there was another 
grand salute from the fleet, and in the evening was 
witnessed the closing demonstration of the day. 
Nothing could be seen in the darkness until, as if 
by magic, at a signal from the flagship, the entire 
harbor for miles around was brilliantly illuminated. 
Every vessel and transport and monitor was ablaze 
with many-colored fires. Each mast and sail and 
rope was aglow with light. From every deck came 
the roar and glare of rockets, darting in quick 
procession to the sky, then turning and descending 
in showers of golden rain. Hundreds of lanterns, 
red, green, and white, suspended from the rigging, 
flashed out their starry signals over the bay, and were 
reflected in the waters beneath, while heavy clouds 
of smoke, tinged with golden radiance, rolled heaven- 
ward like ascending incense — a scene of rare enchant- 
ment. 

Another signal gun is heard. Every light instantly 
disappears. Every sound is hushed. Grim darkness 
again mantles the waters of the bay. The official 
celebration is a thing of the past, though never to be 
forgotten. 

Later that evening, at the grand military ball 

44 



FORT SUMTER MEMORIAL, 

given by General Hatch, at the Battery, General 
Anderson concluded some remarks he had been 
called upon to make, by introducing the toast, 
"Abraham Lincoln," with an eloquent tribute of 
respect and affection. Said he: 

"I beg you now, that you will join me in drinking 
the health of another man whom we all love to 
honor, the man who, when elected President of the 
United States, was compelled to reach the seat of 
government with an escort, but who now could travel 
all over our country with millions of hands and 
hearts to sustain him. I give you the good, the 
great, the honest man, Abraham Lincoln." 

How little dreamed the assembled guests, as the 
cheers twice repeated went round, that at that 
selfsame hour their honored President lay prostrate 
and dying in the National Capital from the bullet 
of an assassin! 

Tragic the whole of the circumstances of this 
memorable gathering at Sumter: 

The order from the President to celebrate the 
day; 

The fall of Richmond and Petersburg; 

The surrender of Lee, and the end of the Rebellion; 

The coming together of so many of those who 
had participated in the birth of the strife, at Sumter; 

The poetic justice of it all; 

And, when his work was finished and the nation 
re-united, the martyrdom of the Nation's Chief, who 
had so endeared himself to all by his patience, 

45 



FORT SUMTER MEMORIAL 

wisdom and sympathy under heart-rending trials, 
and whose most fitting epitaph is his memorable 
utterance just previous to the fall of Richmond: 

"With malice towards none, with charity for all, 
with firmness in the right, as God gives us to see 
the right, let us strive to finish the work we are in, 
and do all which may achieve and cherish a just 
and a lasting peace among ourselves and with all 
nations." 

Tragic indeed was it all! And may the American 
nation, on the way to its manifest destiny — the very 
pinnacle of culture and well-being — ever reflect the 
beneficent spirit of Lincoln, and ever remember at 
what sacrifice of precious blood and treasure "Liberty 
and Union," the nation's epigraph of power and 
possibility, were maintained as symbolized by "re- 
placing the flag upon Sumter." 



46 



GENERAL ROBERT ANDERSON 



ROBERT ANDERSON 



BORN at Soldiers' Retreat, near Louisville, 
Kentucky, June 14, 1805; son of Richard 
Clough Anderson and Sarah (Marshall) 
Anderson. He was appointed from Kentucky by 
President Monroe, a Cadet to the United States 
Military Academy at West Point, New York, July 1, 
1821, and was graduated July 1, 1825 and promoted 
in the army to Brevet Second Lieutenant, Second 
Artillery and Second Lieutenant Third Artillery, 
July 1st, 1825. He served as private secretary to his 
half brother, Richard Clough Anderson, Jr., the 
first United States Minister to Colombia, South 
America, 1825-26; in garrison at Fort Monroe, 
Virginia, in the Artillery School of Practice, 1826-28; 
on ordnance duty at St. Louis Arsenal, 1828-32; 
assistant Inspector General on the staff of General 
Atkinson, Black Hawk War, and in the campaign 
against the Sac Indians; personally conducted Black 
Hawk and the other Indian prisoners captured at 
Bad Axe, August 2, 1832, to Jefferson Barracks. In 
the Black Hawk War he mustered Abraham Lincoln 
in the Service twice and mustered him out of the 
Service once. Promoted First Lieutenant Third 
Artillery, June 30, 1833; in garrison at Fort Consti- 
tution, New Hampshire, 1834-35; at the Military 
Academy as Assistant Instructor of Artillery, Sept. 
10 to Dec. 1st, 1835; and instructor Dec. 1st, 1835, to 

49 



FORT SUMTER MEMORIAL 

November 6, 1837; in the Florida War against the 
Seminole Indians, 1837-38, during which time he 
engaged in the action at Locha-Hatchee, January 
24, 1838; was in command of troops and captured 
Indians near Fort Lauderdale, April 2, 1838, in the 
Cherokee War; brevetted Captain, April 2, 1838, for 
gallantry and successful conduct in the war against 
the Florida Indians; was aid-de-camp to Major 
General Scott, May to July, 1838; served as Assistant 
Adjutant General with the brevet of Captain on 
General Scott's Staff from 1838-41, while removing 
General Wool's Indians to the West; in the border 
difficulties was Assistant Adjutant General of the 
Eastern Department, 1838-41; member of board of 
officers to examine his translation of "Instructions 
for Field Artillery horse and foot," 1841-44; in gar- 
rison at Fort Moultrie, Charleston Harbor, South 
Carolina, 1845-46; at posts in Florida, 1846-47; 
engaged in the war with Mexico; at Vera Cruz, March 
9-29, at Cerro Gardo, April 17-18, at skirmish at 
Amazoque, May 14, and at the Battle of Molino 
del Rey, September 8, 1847; brevetted Major, 
September 8, 1847, for gallant and meritorious 
conduct in battle of Molino del Rey, where he was 
severely wounded in an attack on the enemy's 
works; promoted to the rank of Major and assigned 
to the First Artillery, October 5, 1857; stationed in 
Charleston Harbor in command of defenses, with 
headquarters in Fort Moultrie from November 20, 
1860. When the threatened secession of South 

50 






FORT SUMTER MEMORIAL 

Carolina assumed warlike demonstrations he de- 
manded of his government at Washington rein- 
forcements in order to protect the United States 
forts from assault and probable capture. Failing to 
receive such support, he received instead the follow- 
ing directions from the United States Secretary of 
War, John B. Floyd, under date, Washington, 21st 
December, 1860. "In the verbal instructions com- 
municated to you by Major Buell, you are directed 
'to hold possession of the Forts in the Harbor of 
Charleston, and if attacked, to defend yourself to 
the last extremity.' Under these instructions you 
might infer that you are required to make a vain 
and useless sacrifice of your life and the lives of the 
men under your command upon a mere point of 
honor. This is far from the President's intention. 
You are to exercise a sound military discretion on 
this subject. It is neither expected nor desired that 
you should expose your own life or that of your men 
in a hopeless conflict in defense of the Forts. If they 
are invested or attacked by a force so superior that 
resistance would, in your judgment, be a useless 
waste of life, it will be your duty to yield to necessity 
and make the best terms in your power. This will 
be the conduct of an honorable, brave and humane 
officer, and you will be fully justified in such action. 
These orders are strictly confidential and not to be 
communicated even to the officers under your com- 
mand without a clear necessity. Very respectfully, 
John B. Floyd, Secretary of War." What an easy 

51 



FORT S U M T E R ME M Q R 1 A L 

road for a subordinate officer to follow is here marked 
out, and had it been done no one at that time would 
have questioned its wisdom. But instead, he spiked 
the guns in Fort Moultrie, burned the gun carriages, 
cut down the flag staff and, with his seventy faithful 
fellow soldiers, left the fort on the night of December 
26, 1860, and landed his command and his country's 
Flag at Fort Sumter, where he raised the flag with a 
prayer and made his famous defense that gained for 
him the grateful title "Hero of Fort Sumter." After 
a siege of more or less violence for sixteen weeks and 
a bombardment of thirty-six hours, during which 
time his government failed either to reinforce the 
fort, or provision those defending it, he evacuated 
the fort to the South Carolinians, marching out with 
the honors of war. He carried his flag with him 
and embarked for New York, where he received from 
the new administration and the entire populace, 
the honor and thanks justly due for his brave defense 
of the national honor and the nation's Flag. Presi- 
dent Lincoln promoted him to the rank of Brigadier 
General in the United States Army, May 5, 1861, 
and assigned him to the command of the Depart- 
ment of Kentucky, May 28, 1861, and to the Depart- 
ment of the Cumberland, August 5, 1861. He was 
the only Union officer permitted by the Legislature 
of Kentucky to raise troops in that State. On 
October 8, 1861, he was placed on waiting orders. 
On August 19, 1863, he was placed in command of 
Fort Adams, Rhode Island, and on October 27, 1863, 

52 



FORT S U M TER M E M O R I A L 

on the staff of the General commanding the Eastern 
Department. He was retired from active service 
October 27, 1863, "for disabilities resulting from long 
and faithful service and wounds and disease con- 
tracted on the line of duty." He was brevetted 
Major General, United States Army, February 3, 
1865, "for gallant and meritorious service in the 
Harbor of Charleston, South Carolina, in the defense 
of Fort Sumter. He was ordered to Washington 
and on April 14, 1865, he re-raised the Flag over 
Fort Sumter. He became an honorary member of 
the Society of Cincinnati in the State of New York 
and was the author of "Evolutions of Field Bat- 
teries" (1860). He was the organizer and founder 
of the Soldiers' Home in Washington, D. C, and in 
1869 went abroad for his health. He died at Nice, 
France, October 27, 1871. The remains were brought 
home, on the Guerriere and after lying in state at 
Fortress Monroe were buried at West Point. His last 
service for his country was the formation of the As- 
sociation of Graduates of the United States Military 
Academy. 



53 



NOTE 

General Anderson's father having rendered such 
distinguished service to our country, it seems appro- 
priate to give a brief outline of his career in this 
volume, also Duncan Clinch, his wife's father. 



"Your father led the van, Bob, 

The siege of Charleston stood, 
The bravest of the brave, Bob, 
A patriot true and good." 

A '. //'. Burns 



55 



RICHARD CLOUGH ANDERSON 

BY 

CAPT. EDWARD L. ANDERSON 




-e *t />i/ct /Vd'iofo'/ *?' 



RICHARD CLOUGH ANDERSON 



BORN January 12, 1750, and was active in the 
Committee of Safety, 1775-1776. He was a 
friend of Patrick Henry and in the confidence 
of his community. In 1775 he was Quartermaster of 
the Hanover Minute Men. On March 7, 1776, he was 
appointed Captain of the Company of regular troops 
from Hanover County. His First Lieutenant was 
his cousin, John Anderson, and his company formed 
part of the 5th Virginia. He took part in the follow- 
ing battles: White Plains, October 7, 1776; Trenton, 
December 25th and 26th, 1776; Assunipink, January 
2, 1777; Captain Commanding the 5th Regiment 
June, 1777; Brandywine;Germantown; Valley Forge, 
December, 1777; Monmouth, Savannah, October 9, 
1779 (where he was severely wounded); Charleston, 
May 12, 1780, where he was surrendered with the 
whole army by General Lincoln, and remained a 
prisoner until exchanged after nine months; York- 
town, October 19, 1781. 

On the 25th day December, 1775, he was ordered 
by General Adam Stephen to cross the Delaware 
River and make a reconnaisance towards Trenton. 
He came upon the Hessian pickets about nightfall 
and after a sharp skirmish he withdrew his men and 
escaped across the fields, followed by a body of 
cavalry. On his return he met the column under 
General Washington marching on Trenton. The 

59 



FORT SUMTER M EMOR1AL 

Hessian Commander, Colonel Rahl, was aware of a 
contemplated attack and, believing that Anderson's 
movement was all that was to be expected, gave 
himself and his men up to the excesses of the Christ- 
mas revels. The next day Trenton, unguarded, fell 
an easy prey to Washington. Colonel Anderson was 
wounded by a yager bullet January 2, 1777, and did 
not rejoin the army until May following. On the 
20th of March, 1779, he had the honor of being 
promoted by the Continental Congress to be Major 
of the First Virginia Line, to take rank from February 
10, 1778, thus serving thirteen months as Captain of 
the Fifth Virginia, while in effect he was Major in 
the Continental Establishment. (This commission 
is now in the hands of General Robert Anderson's 
daughter, Mrs. James M. Lawton, New York City.) 
Upon his exchange, Major Anderson found orders 
in Richmond to report to the Marquis de Lafayette 
as it was thought that through his intimate knowl- 
edge of the country and his ability to speak the 
French language he would be of great service to 
the gallant Marquis. He remained with Lafayette 
until the siege of Yorktown was opened when 
Lafayette was given command of French troops and 
Major Anderson was sent to Governor Nelson to 
assist in mobilizing the Virginia Militia as Adjutant 
General with the nominal rank of Colonel. He 
remained for a short time with Governor Nelson 
after the surrender of Cornwallis, was promoted to 
be Lieutenant Colonel of the Third Virginia and 

60 



FORT SUMTER MEMORIAL 

remained in service until the general muster out in 
1783, having served seven years and ten months. 
In the autumn of 1783 he was selected as principal 
Surveyor, subsequently Surveyor General of the 
Western lands reserved to pay the officers and soldiers 
of the Virginia line, an office he held until his death, 
October 15, 1826, which was due to the injury 
received at Savannah in 1779, making his home near 
"The Falls of the Ohio," as Louisville, Kentucky, 
was then called. Here he established his office, and 
on the head of Bluegrass Creek, Soldiers' Retreat, 
he exercised a generous hospitality to his old com- 
rades in arms and to the adventurous who sought 
homes in the wilderness infested with cruel savages. 
The old family burying ground, with its memorial 
shaft of Italian marble, is still preserved. 

While a wounded prisoner in Charleston, he formed 
an intimacy with Lieutenant Colonel Jonathan 
Clark, Eighth Virginia, Captain John Clark, Eighth 
Virginia and Edmund Clark, Sixth Virginia, three 
brothers, prisoners like himself. On November 24, 
1787, he married Elizabeth, the daughter of John 
Clark and Ann Rogers, the sister of his comrades in 
captivity, the Clarks having gone to Kentucky in 
1785. His first wife having died January 15, 1795, 
Colonel Anderson made a second marriage September 
17, 1797, with Sarah Marshall, a second cousin of 
Elizabeth Clark Anderson, his first wife, and second 
cousin to Chief Justice John Marshall. 



61 



DUNCAN LAMONT CLINCH 



DUNCAN LAMONT CLINCH 



BORN Edgecomb County, North Carolina, 
April 6th, 1787. Son of Colonel Joseph Clinch 
and Mary Lamont, daughterof Duncan Lam- 
ont. Appointed First Lieutenant, 3rd Infantry, July 
1st, 1808; Captain, 1810; Lieutenant Colonel, 1813; 
Colonel, 1819; and in 1829 was brevetted Brigadier 
General. When the Seminole War broke* out in 
Florida in 1835, General Clinch was in full com- 
mand of that district and in its earlier efforts 
he acted a most conspicuous part. In the battle of 
Ouithlacoochee, December 31st, 1835, he displayed 
the most intrepid courage and performed noted acts 
of bravery. He resigned his commission in the Army 
in April, 1836, and from 1843 to 1845 he was a mem- 
ber of Congress from Georgia. His daughter, Eliza 
Bayard, married General Robert Anderson. 



65 







■■ ^^o NCREss - 



II 



•Hill! 



003 



359 



826 9, 



